Broadcast Journalism Law/Ethics

1. What are the 5 freedoms of the 1st amendment?
speech, religion, press, assembly, petition

2. What is the Tinker Standard?
doesn't disrupt school

3. What is the Frasier Standard?
vulgar or indecent

4. What is the Hazelwood Standard?
related to legitimate pedagogical concerns

5. What is the Frederick Standard?
schools cannot censor actions or speech outside of school

6. What is the definition of libel?
visual or written statements

slander- spoken

• for it to be libel it must be a defamatory statement
• published to at least one other person (other than plaintiff)
• "of and concerning" the plaintiff
• that is a false statement of face (opinions are not libel)
• and made with failt. The level of fault depends on status of plaintiff
• public figures: celebrities, government, etc. are required to prove actual malice, meaning the defendant knows the statements were false.
• private individuals: must only show that the defendant was negligent, (failing to act with due care)
• libel cases are civil law and may be heard by juries. Monetary damages can be received as a compensation for suffering.